Archive for November 2nd, 2000

Can a Hobby Make It as an Art Form?

Posted November 2, 2000 By Dave Thomer

We read a lot of comics in my family; my brother and I have been collecting pretty much continuously for the last eleven years or so, and my wife is quite the Batman fan. So it makes sense that This Is Not News should have an area where we can talk about comics as an art form, and look at the best the form has to offer. That’s right, I called comics an art form. I’d go into a lengthy defense of that position, in case someone who was drawn here by one of the other sections is inclined to dismiss comics as disposable entertainment, except that Scott McCloud has already done a much better job of that than I could hope to over the next several hundred words.

McCloud is a comics artist whose career spans the last two decades; his Zot! has won several awards and, after a several-year hiatus, has returned as an online comic. But it is for his two books, Understanding Comics and Reinventing Comics, that he has garnered a great deal of attention over the last few years. Both books are comics themselves; a black and white McCloud guides the reader through comics history and his vision of comics’ future, using excerpts from other comics and many of the illustrative techniques he describes to develop his points. Some critics have complained that this poses a problem: McCloud wants to teach his readers what comics are and what they can be, but he assumes that those readers are familiar enough with the vocabulary and methods of comics to be able to follow him. However, McCloud does not use any of the bizarre or chaotic panel layouts made popular by many of today’s comic book artists; if you could read the Sunday Calvin and Hobbes, you should have no problem with either book. Read the remainder of this entry »

I Brake for Criminals

Posted November 2, 2000 By Kevin Ott

Aside from being able to perform tasks pantsless, the best thing about working at home is that you don’t have to drive anywhere. I hate driving. If it weren’t for the amount of time I spend on the road, I would very likely be one of those sedate Pete Seeger-type bearded individuals who always seem to keep bees or grow their own hemp or something. Instead, because my job requires a certain amount of driving, I am slightly more tense than, say, a Serengeti wildlife proctologist.

My friends say I am impatient. They are clearly fools. It’s not me; it’s the other guy. Duh.

Part of this, of course, is because I live in central Pennsylvania, where drivers seem to be taught that the brake pedal is somehow a useful tool. This is idiocy at its worst. The brake pedal is to be used only in extreme emergency situations, such as sighting a police cruiser or parking.

I learned to drive in Philadelphia, where the roads are teeming with people who hate you and want to kill you and then maybe drive back and forth over your body a couple of times. There, I developed the idea that tailgating was a mean, awful, horrible thing that only smokers and fugitives from justice did. Tailgating, for those of you who don’t know, is the practice of driving as close as possible to the rear bumper of the car in front of you, in hopes that the person driving will either speed up or get really upset and maybe spill his Dunkin Donuts Coffee Coolata into his lap.

In central Pennsylvania, I have learned that tailgating is a useful motivational tool and should be frequently used, unless there are police officers around. I was once stopped for tailgating by a Pennsylvania state police trooper who was either very nice or very stupid.

“Do you know why I pulled you over?” he asked. Cops always ask this, and I wonder if anyone ever says something like “Because of all those old people I swindled?” or “Because I slept with your wife?”

“Ummm… I guess I was kinda tailgating that car in front of me,” I said. Men don’t have the ability to cry their way out of tickets like women do, so we have to act sheepish, thereby affirming the officer’s role as the alpha male, and perhaps appealing to his sense of machismo.

“Yes you were,” said the officer, clearly secure in his masculinity. I should have made a pass at him. “Do you know the rule for following the car in front of you?”

Rule? Sure I knew the rule. It had something to do with estimating the number of car lengths between you, and multiplying by ten, and getting your speed in miles per hour, and I was pretty sure Avigadro’s Number figured in there somewhere. I related this much to the cop, and we dickered over what the hell Avigadro did to deserve his own number, since neither of us had our own number, and we work hard to put food on the table, at least as hard as Avigadro did, who probably never lifted a finger in his life except to pick up a piece of chalk, which we were pretty sure they didn’t even have in ancient Greece, and there you are.

Actually, he just told me I was wrong. Apparently that used to be the right formula, but people stopped paying attention to the road so they could find the discrete numbers settings on their scientific calculators, and some people got in accidents, so they changed it.

Now it’s something called the “two-second rule,” which means that you give the jackass in front of you exactly two seconds to put his foot on the freaking gas pedal before you ram him from behind.

Kidding again. It means that you pick an object by the side of the road, like a mailbox or an Amish person, and start counting after the car in front of you passes it. If you get to two by the time your car passes the object, you’re not tailgating.

So get this: The cop let me off the hook, because – and this is, like, totally what he said – I knew what I was doing wrong. Seriously.

I don’t know about you, but when I see cops out there setting scofflaws free because they have a pretty good understanding of the crime code they violated, I go around the house locking the doors and maybe start thinking about vigilante justice and whether I could get one of those grappling hook guns like Batman has. Imagine if the whole criminal justice system worked like that.

JUDGE: It says here you strangled six preschool teachers with their own intestines while their students watched in horror.

SERIAL KILLER: Oh yeah. Boy was that illegal. Total violation of this state’s murder statute. Wow.

JUDGE: You did the right thing by telling me. The court clerk will give you a lollipop on your way out.

I’m not complaining. I didn’t get a ticket, and I get to keep tailgating stupid drivers, safe in the knowledge that our state’s criminal justice system will let self-aware criminals like myself off the hook.

But I’m still miserable. People drive so slowly. And they lean on their brakes. And they slow the car to one mile an hour before making a turn. And they sit at four-way stop signs for minutes on end, where I assume they wring their hands and wonder what to do.

On the up side, I have developed what is perhaps the most extensive lexicon of lewd imperative phraseology. I never fail to impress myself when attempting to come up with a suitable suggestion as to what a particular driver should do with his grandmother, or his dog, or a pair of incontinent oxen.

This will likely result in numerous job offers someday.

The RIAA Doesn’t Want My Money

Posted November 2, 2000 By Dave Thomer

All right, we’re required by federal law to have a discussion of the whole Napster fiasco, so let’s get it done and move onto more enjoyable musical topics. I really want to discuss the issue, though, because not only are there plenty of interesting intellectual-property-in-the-Internet-era questions to try and answer, but the Recording Industry Association of America’s actions so far are one of the readiest examples of not thinking things through that I can find. I’ll confess to a bias right now: when I see a large number of extremely well-paid people completely failing to use their common sense, I start rubbing my hands together and head for the word processor. Having followed this issue for the last year or so, my hands are almost chapped.

For just a moment, let’s assume that the big record companies are right, and downloading an MP3 file without somehow paying for it is morally and legally equivalent to shoplifting a CD single out of your local record store. There are plenty of reasons to argue that it isn’t, and I promise I will get to them, but for right now let’s give the benefit of the doubt and see where we go from there. It seems fairly straightforward to me that, if people downloading MP3s for free is bad, record companies (and all law-abiding citizens who support them) should pursue a course of action designed to stop people from downloading MP3s for free. Anything else is essentially making a donation to the American Trial Lawyers Association. Read the remainder of this entry »

Important Crimes, Important Victims

Posted November 2, 2000 By Kevin Ott

We’ve got to do something about these people that are afraid that federal hate crime legislation will somehow curb everyone’s rights.

One of the biggest proponents of this idea is syndicated columnist Charley Reese, a Pat Buchanan cheerleader who writes a weekly column for King Features Syndicate. Reese has done a pretty good job of encapsulating all of the arguments I’ve heard on the topic, so I’ll bounce my ideas off his.

Let’s define our terms first. Read a copy of the Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 1999, proposed in the Senate, then come back.

Reese claims that hate crime legislation dictates that “if someone hits you on the head because of your religion or sexual orientation, then you are a more important victim than your neighbor who gets whacked on the head just so somebody can steal his wallet.”

He’s wrong. If someone attacks you because of your religion or sexual orientation, you are not a more important victim than someone who has been mugged, and there is no legislation – proposed or otherwise – that ranks crime victims in order of importance.

But while a hate crime victim may not be a more important victim, he is the victim of a more important crime. A mugging is more or less random. Sure, you’re more likely to get knocked over if you’re wearing Donna Karan than those Regis Philbin “Who Wants to be a Millionaire” tone-on-tone clothes, but whether you’re gay or Christian or whatever doesn’t generally figure into a mugger’s decision.

Hate crimes, however, are extremely important crimes because they serve as a message to a group of people: Watch it, this might happen to you. I’m certainly not about to tell a mother whose son was killed by a drunk driver that his death was any less important than, say, Matthew Shepherd’s, but the circumstances behind Shepherd’s death represent a problem at least as great as driving under the influence. If we can prosecute a person with more aplomb because they did what they did while intoxicated, we can certainly go after someone with equal aplomb who committed a similar (yet probably more intentional) crime while fully sober.

But, say Reese and his ilk, what’s wrong with sending a message? Isn’t that protected by the First Amendment? Reese claims that hate crime legislation is the first step toward hate speech legislation, and that supporters of hate crime legislation are simply bleeding-heart liberals who want cops to push their politically correct agendas onto the populace.

Really. I’m not exaggerating, except for use of the term “bleeding-heart liberals.” And the notion that prosecuting someone slightly more vigorously for committing a crime based on racism or homophobia will somehow circumvent the first amendment is absurd. If you want to exercise your freedom of speech, put the damn tire iron down and write a letter to the editor like everyone else.

Hate crime legislation seeks to prosecute a wrong, not perpetuate it. That’s precisely why much of it is worded broadly – to include crimes committed against anyone, even white Christian men.

In Pennsylvania, we have something called the “ethnic intimidation” law. Basically, it addresses crimes aimed at someone because of their race or religion (sexual orientation has yet to be included on the list). It raises the degree of a crime by one – second degree murder, under the ethnic intimidation statute, becomes murder one. Other felonies and misdemeanors follow suit. It’s basically a sentencing guideline.

These guidelines have come into play in the sentencing of 39-year-old Ronald Taylor, a black man who marched through a Pittsburgh suburb last March, shooting white people and raving about white-on-black racism. The whole thing terrified all of western Pennsylvania, especially Pittsburgh, where even the local morning deejays were trying to figure out how this sort of thing is still happening.

“I’m not going to hurt any black people,” Taylor allegedly said to a neighbor.

The Southern Poverty Law Center reported this in Intelligence Report, its quarterly magazine. Generally, the SPLC reports hate crimes across the country as news briefs, choosing to centerpiece less regional phenomena. The lead in the SPLC brief was “This time, the gunman was black,” which admittedly displays the situation as an unusual one.

That’s because it is, at least according to the FBI’s most recent statistics. Of 9,235 hate crimes committed in 1998, just over 4,000 were committed by whites – more than the number of offenses where the perpetrator’s race was unknown. Blacks came in second, committing 958 such crimes in 1998.

The majority of victims of hate crimes in ’98 were black, totaling 3,663. Jews were second, with 1,235 victims. Coming in third were gay men, at 1,005. Whites fell just under that, accounting for 1,003 victims in 1998.

Those who would seek to deny a federal hate crimes law seem to think such a law would be used to victimize white Christian men, and that a crime against a white man will be judged by lesser standards than a crime against a black man. For now, we won’t point out the death row statistics recently compiled by the Justice Department, pointing to the fact that minorities might not get as fair a shake as us white folks. For now, let’s address that idea for what it is: Just Plain Silly.

First off, not every crime involving differently pigmented attackers and victims is necessarily a hate crime. If a gay Latino beats up a Promise Keeper, he may be the perpetrator of a hate crime – and then again, he may not. Just as if that same Promise Keeper beat up that same gay Latino, it might or might not be a hate crime. It all depends on what the investigators of the crime determine to be the reason behind it.

Again: Every crime is not a hate crime, and only a percentage of crimes – probably a small one – has even the potential to be a hate crime. Knocking someone over the head because you want his wallet is quite different from knocking him over the head because he’s different from you.

Inevitably, this will screw up, as every policy is wont to do on a long enough timeline. Inevitably, someone will be charged with a hate crime even if it wasn’t, or vice versa. Nobody said the justice system is perfect, least of all Janet Reno.

And if any of us white men are scared that the wheels of justice will start rolling over our shoes, just look at the facts. Like Reno’s report said, you won’t find many of us on death row. We’re generally not the ones screwed over by poorly picked juries and lackluster defense attorneys and poverty and public sentiment. Believe me, gentlemen. We have nothing to worry about.

And what if that were true? What if, somehow, the paradigm shifted, and federal hate crime laws were aimed unfairly at heterosexual white men? What if we woke up one day and the courts were controlled by bleeding-heart liberals who excoriated whites and lionized blacks?

Maybe getting a taste of our own medicine wouldn’t be such a bad idea.

Exploring the Culture of Debt

Posted November 2, 2000 By Pattie Gillett

Note to anyone who may be near a college campus anytime soon, chances are that you’ll see at least one representative from a credit card company at some point. He or she will be armed will be easy to spot: armed to the gills with CD wallets, pens, T-shirts, whatever might be remotely interesting to a college student. If you happen to see a dark-haired woman, about 5�1, tackle the representative to the ground, trussing them up with all the skill of Batman himself, please don’t stop her to introduce yourselves. I’ll most likely have a schedule to keep.

OK, I don’t go around tackling all credit card holders, credit-card company reps, or even credit card company executives. The scenario above is, sadly, just a fantasy. It’s a product of my misdirected rage at the state of personal debt in this country. For the record, I have my own credit card debt, amassed during my first year out of college. It’s on a steady decline, a within the next year, it should become a memory. I wish I could say the same for my friends and family, and the rest of the population.

As a nation, we’ve racked up about $500 billion in credit card debt, up from $150 billion just 10 years ago. That’s debt that isn’t written off on taxes like student loan interest or mortgage-related debt. That’s just pure, unadulterated debt that sits, giving the cardholder an expensive lesson in the magic of interest. What’s most disturbing to me is the amount of debt the average college student amasses before he or she even starts working. According to Nellie Mae, 1999 undergrads had an average of $1,843 in debt from plastic before they even got their first paycheck. Graduate students, classic overachievers, had an average of $5,179. According to CardWeb, the debt situation for older working Americans is even bleaker: $7564 on average per household with at least one card. Just so there’s no confusion, that figure is without any other consumer debt such as auto loans or mortgages.

OK, enough with the stats, let’s talk about how we got here. From my experience, I see two major factors contributing to this national debt problem and a third aggravating factor for those in major debt trouble.

Factor #1: Lack of Education

No, this portion of the article hasn’t creeped over from the Public Policy section. I’m not going to turn this into a treatise on how schools have failed our children (although teaching basic personal finance in schools is an idea that’s long overdue). Thanks to the hype over the raging bull market, many schools and children’s web sites now have stock picking exercises that encourage children to follow the market and learn about big business. This practice in itself is okay in my book since as adults, the stock market will probably factor in their long-term savings plans. However, we seem to have missed a few steps here. Have we taught these kids to balance a checkbook? How about the meaning of “bad credit?� Anything about budgeting in there? How about that little “extra� that gets tacked on when you buy something with a credit card? This isn’t rocket science, folks. These are basic life skills on par with walking, talking, and eating with utensils. Children tend to be fairly observant but without reinforcement, explanation, and correction, event the most fiscally responsible parent can raise a child who believes:

  • Money comes from the ATM, if you need more, you just stick a plastic card in to get it.
  • Using another kind of plastic card to buy things at the store means you don’t have to give them money.
  • If there are checks in your checkbook, you have money in the bank. (This is my personal favorite).
  • Money for big, expensive things, like cars and houses, is at the bank, you can just go there and get it.

By the way, the above examples come from actual conversations I’ve had with young customers at the various financial institutions I’ve worked at in the past three years. Know what you get when you have several million people growing up with these fractured beliefs in a country obsessed with spending? You get a large group of people with $500 billion in revolving debt – pay attention!

Factor #2: Your Wallet By Picasso

Another factor that I see contributing to the debt situation to a lesser degree is also one that one that will become increasingly important in this technology-driven environment. It’s what I call the “abstracting of money.� A large part of my job as a marketer for a financial institution in Philadelphia is to encourage our customers to rely on “remote access services� for their banking needs. Therefore, I push telephone banking, on-line banking, ATM and debit card usage, and electronic loan processing. We offer price breaks for customers with direct deposit. From a business standpoint, it makes sense, we spend less on “bricks and mortar,� we can have better rates and stay competitive. The customers save more on loans and earn more on deposits. Everybody wins.

Well, not really. The number of customers with bounced checks jumped. The number of delinquent loans jumped. More people became overdrawn on their accounts than ever before. Turns out that when even the careful customers stopped actually seeing their money, they stopped paying attention to it and worse, they started spending more. Studies by the credit card industry have shown that consumers armed with ATM, debit cards, or credit cards will actually spend about 30% more than if they were paying with cash. Despite the backlash against ATM fees, these machines are here to stay and people use them with increasing frequency. They take out large amounts to avoid fees, only to end up spending more. To further complicate matters, many consumers use automatic deductions from their checking accounts to stay on top of their bills. With all this money flying around electronically, they forget to record transactions in our checkbooks (if they ever learned to do it at all). They lose track and things gets real messy, real fast. They not only lose track of the money they have, they lose track of what they owe.

Factor #3: Bad Debt: Big Deal, So What, Shut Up

For all my naysaying, there are probably a few of you out there who think I’m overreacting and that debt is just a fact of life. You’re right, to a point. Certain kinds of debt are practically unavoidable. Very few of us will ever be able to pay cash for a house, a car, or an education. Mortgages, auto loans, and student loans are facts of life. Credit cards do have their place, as well, particularly in e-commerce and for emergencies. Problems arise when, as a result of a poor understanding or a loss of financial restraint, we fail to take responsibility for our chunk of that $500 billion.

Faced with a mountain of debt and little hope of repaying it quickly, it’s become far too tempting and too easy to walk away. Bankruptcy, once a scary word for any working family, is often referred to today as a “clean slate� or a “fresh start.� As if not taking responsibility for your own spending should leave you with a lemony fragrance. I’m going to stay off the Public Policy soapbox for now (I make no promises for future issues) but while bankruptcy reform plods along in Washington, both bankruptcy and bad credit have lost their effectiveness as punishments for a lack of financial responsibility. Once again, drawing on my job experience, I’ve met countless individuals who, after refusing to pay credit card bills and loans for years, will still get credit cards, auto loans, and even mortgages, albeit at higher rates. The fact that bankruptcy filings in this country grew almost as quickly as debt in the last ten years indicates that this system isn’t helping. Chalk it up to an overly competitive finance industry but bad debtors know, there is always another lender, always another way.

Like most of my colleagues at TINN, I tend to be fairly liberal minded. I believe people do learn from their mistakes and deserve a second chance to prove themselves. But I also believe taking the time to learn to do it right the first time should have its rewards as well.

The bottom line: if someone hands you a great deal of money, unless his name his Regis, chances are, he or she will want it back at some point. Be an adult, pay it back and get on with your life. You’ve got better things to do.

Philosophers Wanted

Posted November 2, 2000 By Dave Thomer

If This Is Not News, what is it? (I will answer that, but it’ll take a while.) And why is its first cover story an article about philosophy? (I can answer that one now.)

Because, in a very real way, This Is Not News is all about philosophy. (That’s right, even the comics section.) Not the dusty, ivory tower image of philosophy you may have developed after previous encounters with the discipline, but philosophy as a way of investigating life, as a way of seeking truth in order to improve our world. From Plato to the present day, philosophers have sought to understand how the universe works so that they, and others, could get along better in that universe. This section of the site will explore the solutions they’ve proposed and try to see what relevance their answers have to life in the twenty-first century.

But again, what is this site? It is a webzine and online community inspired by the works of John Dewey (one of the leading American philosophers of the early twentieth century), particularly Dewey’s 1927 book The Public and Its Problems. Dewey firmly believed that democracy could only thrive if every member of society played an active part in investigating and solving the problems of the present day, that there had to be more to democracy than trudging to a voting booth at pre-approved intervals.
Read the remainder of this entry »

So Much to Say

Posted November 2, 2000 By Pattie Gillett

It has been my experience that most cab drivers have not read Emily Post. At least not the ones that I’ve met. Because if they had, they’d know that most basic rule about conversation in “polite society.” No politics and no religion. One gentleman in particular comes to mind. He was a middle-aged driver named Lou. Not seconds after picking me up at Philadelphia International Airport, Lou launched into a discussion about a variety of hot political subjects. In a thirty-minute drive, he hit everything from drug legalization to welfare to campaign finance reform. It was the best conversation I’d had in months.

Now I’ve encountered a few cab drivers moonlighting as political philosophers (born and raised in New York City, you see) but Lou was by far the most eloquent. As he probably intended, he got me thinking. I got to thinking that we, the politically apathetic American electorate with our cynical talk and embarrassingly lax voting habits, could learn a lot from Lou. If you can’t find Lou, though, you could just turn on The West Wing.

The West Wing, NBC’s drama set in a fictional American White House, has exactly the quality Lou possesses. It’s also a quality that too many of us seem to lack: the courage to speak freely about politics. Picture yourself in the following situation: you’re sitting with a large group of people you know, they could be acquaintances, friends, family, whatever. The conversation turns to some political topic, doesn’t even matter which one. What happens? Does somebody groan? Does someone say “Let’s not talk about this now.” Does someone immediately change the subject? Do people start to get up and leave? Why? Because the law of averages says that if that group is large enough, at least two people are going disagree on that topic. Political disagreements are uncomfortable. Political disagreements are tacky. But as I write this, The West Wing is in its second season. Looks to me like political disagreements just won a boatload of Emmys and make up one of the few truly thought-provoking hours of television. Read the remainder of this entry »

Apples to Apples

Posted November 2, 2000 By Dave Thomer

There seems to be little disagreement in America that urban public schools are in trouble. Test scores are dropping, students are dropping out, and a general sense of hopelessness seems to be pervading the system. You won’t find a candidate for public office who isn’t decrying the state of the schools, and saying that by God, something has to be done about it. The question is, what needs to be done, and do we have the will to do it?

Let me get my biases out in the open on this one. I definitely lean to the left of the political spectrum, I live in the city of Philadelphia, and I am working on a degree and teaching at a public university. I also, somewhat paradoxically, spent sixteen years in private schools before I got here. That said, I am convinced that the argument I’m about to make is as well-supported by facts as it is unpopular in certain circles. We, as a society, are failing the public school system, and we will continue to fail it until we change the way education is paid for in this country. Read the remainder of this entry »